McCabe Name:__________________
A.P. World History
Chapter 25 Study Guide
The Consolidation of Latin America
Introduction- From Colonies to Nations
1. The former colonies of what two countries were swept by the same winds of change that transformed Europe’s society and economy and led to the independence of the United States.
A.
B.
2. In the early __________ Century, the various regions of ______________________ fought for their political independence and created new nations, often based on the old colonial administrative units.
3. What four external events had a strong impact on Latin American politics?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. Why was the French Revolution rejected by Creole elites?
5. Identify: Toussaint L’Overture-
6. In Mexico, _______________________ called on mestizios and Indians to rebel in 1810.
7. Identify: Augustin de Iturbide-
8. A wealthy Creole named Simon Bolivar carried out successful revolutions in these three countries.
A.
B.
C.
9. _____________________ was responsible for independence movements in Argentina and Chile.
10. In what year was all of Spanish South America independent?
11. When French troops invaded Portugal in 1807, to what country did the Portuguese royal family flee?
12. What member of the royal family was responsible for making Brazil an independent nation?
13. What government style immediately dominated Brazil after it achieved independence?
New Nations Confront Old and New Problems
14. Immediately after achieving independence, what was the predominant religion in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies?
15. By 1854, _________________ had been abolished everywhere except in the remaining colonies still held by Spain.
16. _________________ was a monarchy until a republic was proclaimed in 1823.
17. Gran Columbia (formerly New Granada) was comprised of which modern day countries?
A.
B.
C.
D.
18. What factors made regional unity in South America a problem?
A.
B.
C.
D.
19. Identify: Caudillos-
20. In regards to government, __________________ wanted to create strong, centralized national governments with broad powers, while ______________ wanted taxes and commercial policies to be set by regional governments.
21. Liberals in South America stress the rights of individuals and attacked the _____________ structure of colonial society.
22. Leadership from both the conservative and liberal political parties was drawn from the same social class of ___________________ and _______________________.
Latin American Economies and World Markets (1820-1870)
23. What European power had plans to recolonize Latin America?
24. What was the first European power to recognize the independence of Latin American nations?
25. The United States went one step further in recognizing Latin American independence by issuing the ______________________.
26. As a result of a strong trade relation, ________________ replaced Spain as the dominant economic force in Latin America just prior to 1850.
27. Peru’s primary export to Europe during the mid-1800’s was_____________.
28. Identify: positivism-
29. The economic shift in Latin America to products created new demands for products such as _____________ and ________________.
30. What were some of the problems the new Mexican government had to deal with after a republic was established?
A.
B.
C.
D.
31. Identify: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna-
32. Identify: Manifest Destiny-
33. What agreement allowed the United States to acquire about ½ of Mexico’s land area?
34. Identify: La Reforma-
35. Juan Manuel de Rosas is associated with what South American country?
36. Did Juan Manuel de Rosas support a weak or a strong central government.
37. What was Brazil’s new crop that made up about 40% of all food exports?
Societies in Search of Themselves
38. Around the 1830’s, what literary and artistic style dominated Latin America?
39. During this time of change, which group in society saw little change in their daily lives?
40. In Depth Reading: What is the dependency theory of economic development? What political group is it most closely associated with?
The Great Boom (1880-1920)
41. During the period known as the “Great Boom” what exported products were produced in the following regions….
A. Central America-
B. Cuba-
C. Brazil-
D. Mexico-
E. Argentina-
F. Chile-
42. Identify: Porfirio Diaz-
43. In 1914, about _____________ of the Argentinean population was foreign born
44. Mainly as a result of new foreign immigrants from Italy, Germany and Russia, a new ________________ political party formed to protect workers.
45. The Spanish-American War was centered on which two Spanish colonies?
46. After winning the above listed islands, which one was granted independence and which one was made an American dependency?
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