AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 12 Study Guide
1. Identify: Hangzhou-
2. Who said this quote?, “The most noble city and the best that is in the world”
3. How did Wendi win control of northern China?
4. In 589, Wendi’s armies attacked and conquered the weak and divided ____________ kingdom which had long ruled much of the south.
5. What reforms helped Wendi win widespread support?
6. What were some of the Yangdi's legal and educational reforms?
7. His failures in the __________ campaigns between 611 and 614 and the near/ fatal reverse he suffered in central Asia at the hands of _________ nomads in 615 set in motion wide-spread revolts throughout the empire.
8. What led to the downfall of the Sui dynasty?
9. What dynasty began when Li Yuan won control of China?
10. The Tang empire stretched to what areas?
11. What happened to the power of the aristocracy as the scholar-gentry gained power?
12. What happened to the examination system in the Tang and Song periods?
13. Identify the following.
a) Ministry of Rites
b) jinshi
14. What rights were gained by those with the title jinshi?
a)
b)
15. Merit and ambition counted for something, but ________________ and _______________ ___________________ often counted for a good deal more.
16. Why did the salvationist pure land strain of Mahayana Buddhism win widespread support?
17. Why did Zen appeal to the educated classes of China?
18. What was the goal of those who followed Zen?
19. What did Empress Wu try to do?
20. What happened to Buddhism in China as a result of her support?
21. What groups opposed Buddhist growth?
a)
b)
22. What measures did Emperor Wuzong take against the Buddhist?
a)
b)
23. As a result, what emerged as the central ideology of Chinese civilization for the period between the 9th and 20th century?
24. The reign of what emperor marked the zenith of Tang power?
25. How did Yang Guifei negatively effect the Tang dynasty?
26. Who reunited China under one dynasty in 960?
27. What was the name of this new dynasty?
28. What was Zhao renamed?
29. Identify the Liao dynasty.
30. Define Sinified.
31. How did Song rulers promote the interests of the Confucian scholar-gentry class over aristocratic and Buddhist rivals?
32. What did the neo-Confucian Zhu Xi stress?
33. Great importance was given to upholding the authority of the ____________________ of the Chinese household.
34. What was draining the resources of the empire and becoming a burden for the Chinese peasantry?
35. How did the emphasis on the scholar-gentry negatively effect the military?
36. What were some attempted reforms by Wang Anshi?
a)
b)
c)
37. What happened to these reforms after Wang died in 1085?
38. The nomadic Jurchens, after overthrowing Liao, in 1115, established the __________________ kingdom. They invaded China and annexed most of the ____________________ River basin. The Song fled south.
39. What did the Grand Canal link?
40. What area became the major food producers of the empire?
41. Tang conquests and the canal system promoted ____________________ expansion.
42. What goods came to China along the Silk routes?
a)
b)
c)
43. In addition to silk, what goods were exported to the centers of Islamic civilization?
a)
b)
44. What were Chinese junks?
45. What was "flying money?"
46. The 2,000,000 inhabitants of the Tang capital of ____________________ made it the world's largest city.
47. What did the great canals allow the peasants to do?
48. What was the punishment for children who strike their parents during the Tang period?
49. What provisions supported women's rights with regards to divorce?
50. What happened to the independence and legal rights of the elite minority of women under the influence of neo-Confucian thinkers?
51. The neo-Confucians also excluded women from the sort of ____________________ that would allow them to enter the ____________________ ____________________ and rise to positions of political power.
52. Why was footbinding practiced by women in Chinese civilization?
53. Why were the lower classes slow to adopt the practice of footbinding?
54. What were some great engineering feats of the Tang and Song periods?
a)
b)
c)
d)
55. Under the Tang, what was explosive powder used for?
56. What weapons were Song armies and warships equipped with?
a)
b)
c)
57. What instrument was applied to ocean navigation?
58. What did the artisan Bi Sheng devise?
59. Printing allowed the ____________________ level to be higher than that of any other pre-industrial civilization.
60. What group was responsible for the fall of the southern Song dynasty in 1279?
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